Oceanic Climate Change & OPEC Efficiency

Often mistaken for pollution, foam found on beaches is the decaying remains of vast colonies of phytoplankton commonly known as foam algae.

Climate stirring change beneath the waves

By Mark Kinver

Environment reporter, BBC News 

Human-induced climate change is triggering changes beneath the waves that could have a long-term effect on marine food webs, a study suggests.
An assessment of phytoplankton in the North Atlantic found the microscopic organisms' pole-ward shift was faster than previously reported.
It observed that the ocean's tiny plant community was "poised for marked shift and shuffle".
The findings appear in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

"Marine phytoplankton are crucial in marine food webs and global biogeochemical cycles and they are incredibly diverse but we don't really have a sense of what all the different organisms do when you modify climate, or even through natural climate variability," explained co-author Andrew Barton, a researcher at Princeton University, working at the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory.
He told BBC News: "This study attempted to get a handle on how all these different kinds of organisms may respond to anthropogenic climate change over the coming century."

Climate change takes from the poor, gives to the rich, study finds

February 24, 2016 via phys.org

Fish and other important resources are moving toward the Earth's poles as the climate warms, and wealth is moving with them, according to a new paper by scientists at Rutgers, Princeton, Yale, and Arizona State universities. 

Climate change is forcing some species of migrating fish to shift their range toward the poles, which means big changes for people whose livelihoods depend on those fish.
"What we find is that natural resources like fish are being pushed around by climate change, and that changes who gets access to them," said Malin Pinsky, professor of ecology & evolution in the School of Environmental and Biological Sciences.
The stronger and more conservation-oriented the natural resource management in a community, the higher the value that community places on its natural resources, whether those resources are increasing or diminishing, Pinsky reports. If wealthier communities and countries are more likely to have strong resource management, then these wealthy groups are more likely to benefit, thus exacerbating inequality.
Pinsky and his co-authors have published their findings in the journal Nature Climate Change.

Saudi Arabia's Oil Minister Suggests Canada, Others Will Have To 'Get Out' Of Oil

via Huffington Post Canada , video at link

Saudi Arabia’s oil minister has a solution for the global oil glut: Instead of cutting oil production, wait for the world’s most expensive producers to go bust.
Ali Al-Naimi didn’t specifically single out the U.S.’s shale oil fields and Canada’s oilsands as the targets of his comments at an oil industry conference in Houston, Tex., on Tuesday. But as those two are among the most expensive oil plays in the world today, the target of his comments was clear.
“Efficient markets will determine where on the cost curve the marginal barrel resides,” Al-Naimi said, as quoted at Forbes. He added later: “Inefficient producers will have to get out.”
Al-Naimi rejected the idea of an OPEC production cut, saying they won't work to boost oil prices. Cutting production would mean low-cost producers like Saudi Arabia would be subsidizing higher-cost ones.
Low-cost producers cutting their own production “only delays an inevitable reckoning," he said.

Lawsuit Over Feds' Failure to Examine Yorktown Oil Train Terminal's Threat to Rare Species

Lawsuit Launched Over Feds' Failure to Examine Yorktown Oil Train Terminal's Threat to Rare Sturgeon, Sea Turtles

Center for Biological Diversity   Sept. 24, 2015

YORKTOWN, Va.— Conservation groups filed a formal notice of intent to sue the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers today for failing to assess impacts to endangered species before issuing a permit for an oil train terminal at the mouth of the York River. The 2013 permit did not take into account the threat the facility and its operations pose to endangered Atlantic sturgeon, loggerhead sea turtles and Kemp’s ridley sea turtles as required by the Endangered Species Act, according to the groups.

 Atlantic sturgeon photo by Albert Herring, Virginia State Parks. This photo is available for media use.

 “The Yorktown terminal poses a serious threat to endangered species like Atlantic sturgeon and sea turtles as well as the rivers and coastline they depend on, and the communities of the lower Chesapeake Bay,” said Mollie Matteson, a senior scientist at the Center for Biological Diversity. “The American public has had to find out the hard way, through dramatic derailments, spills and fires, that oil trains are a real danger.”

The Corps issued the permit in January 2013 to Plains Marketing, a pipeline and oil shipping company, to allow the former Western refinery at Yorktown to be converted to a storage site and transportation hub for crude oil. The repurposed terminal sits at the end of a CSX rail line spur, the same line where two fiery oil train derailments have occurred: one in April 2014, at Lynchburg, Va., and the other in March 2015 at Mount Carbon, W.Va. Both trains were bound for Yorktown carrying crude from an oil formation centered in North Dakota known as the “Bakken shale.” In the past three years there have been 11 oil train accidents in North America involving multiple cars, including the catastrophic derailment of an oil train in Quebec in July 2013. That accident killed 47 people and burned down much of the small town of Lac-Mégantic.

“Every day those trains run, the James River, York River, and Chesapeake Bay are at risk of yet another serious oil transport accident like the one in Lynchburg that set the James River on fire,” said Glen Besa, director of the Virginia Chapter of the Sierra Club. “It’s time to make a course correction before even more damage is done to our communities and our environment.”

At Yorktown crude oil is offloaded from trains onto vessels bound for East Coast refineries, putting Atlantic sturgeon and sea turtles at increased risk of ship strikes and oil spills in the Chesapeake Bay and along the Delmarva Peninsula coast.

An oil spill in the bay or along the coast could be especially devastating and long-lasting for fish, turtles and other aquatic life, as demonstrated by scientific findings since the 2010 Deepwater Horizon spill. For example, the number of Kemp’s ridley sea turtles has dropped precipitously in the Gulf of Mexico in the past few years, and biologists have found indications that oil spilled into water interferes with the proper development of healthy young fish. Biologists confirmed in 2013 that Atlantic sturgeon spawn in the York River and that the population in the York is distinct genetically. The Chesapeake Bay provides a feeding ground for sea turtles in summer months.

Today’s letter gives the Corps 60 days’ notice to remedy the violations in the permit issued to Plains Marketing. The groups sending the notice letter are the Center for Biological Diversity and Sierra Club.

The Center for Biological Diversity is a national, nonprofit conservation organization with more than 900,000 members and online activists dedicated to the protection of endangered species and wild places.